Xpand implements MySQL compatible binlogs that with the following additional features:
To configure a Xpand system with a single row-based binary log, issue the following commands:
master> CREATE BINLOG 'clustrix-bin' FORMAT='ROW'; master> SHOW MASTER STATUS; |
To disable binary logging and drop (permanently) an existing binlog:
master> DROP BINLOG 'clustrix-bin'; |
When running MySQL database as a slave to a Xpand master, Xpand does not support the variable binlog_checksum, which causes the master to write checksums for events written to the binary log.
MySQL produces global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) beginning with MySQL 5.6 (optional) and MySQL 5.7 (required). Xpand does not implement nor support GTIDs. To enable replication between Xpand and MySQL with GTID, use the following settings:
Xpand does not pass GTID events to its binlogs. This is similar to the behavior of a MySQL 5.6 slave with gtid_mode set to OFF.
The user name and password used for replication are stored as plain text within the binlogs. As such, Xpand recommends establishing a separate account for exclusive use with replication to prevent compromising the security of regularly used accounts.
Follow this sample to create an account that will be used when setting up a slave. You must have privileges to CREATE USER and GRANT to perform this step.
master> CREATE USER 'replication'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'clustrix'; master> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'%'; |
To create a binary log, issue the following command:
CREATE BINLOG Syntax |
master> CREATE BINLOG 'binlog_name' [LOG (target1, target2, ...),] [IGNORE (target3, target4, ...),] [FORMAT='STATEMENT'|'ROW'] |
Example |
master> CREATE BINLOG 'mybinlog' FORMAT='ROW'; |
Optional attributes are:
By default, this command creates a binary log file for the entire cluster in STATEMENT format, which is the most common format in MySQL environments. Alternatively, you can create binlogs that scope a database or a list of tables. For more information, please see the section on Binlog scope.
For most workloads, row-based replication (FORMAT ='ROW') provides better performance than statement-based replication. If you are unsure what is most appropriate for your environment, contact Xpand Support.
If a database is set to both LOG and IGNORE, Xpand will IGNORE. This deviates from MySQL, which will log and not ignore.
To configure binary logging options, issue the ALTER BINLOG command. Options for the ALTER BINLOG logfile command are as follows.
Flag | Description |
---|---|
LOG (db1, db2) | Only log updates to databases db1 and db2 |
IGNORE (db3) | Ignore updates to db3 |
ADD LOG (db4) | Log updates to db4, in addition to others |
ADD IGNORE (db5) | Ignore updates to db5, in addition to others |
DROP LOG (db6) | Stop logging to db6 |
LOG ALL | Log updates to all databases, as opposed to specific databases. Does not reset the IGNORE list. |
DISABLE | Disable logging to this binlog |
ENABLE | Enable logging to this binlog |
RENAME bar | Rename specified binlog to "bar" |
FORMAT='row' or 'statement' | Configure log format (row-based or statement-based) |
If only one binary log exists, you can display its filename, segment number and position by issuing the following command:
master> SHOW MASTER STATUS; |
If more than one binary log exists, the log configured by the global variable master_status_binlog is displayed. If master_status_binlog is unset, an error is returned. This behavior is compatible with behavior of the MySQL mysqldump --master-data command.
master> SET GLOBAL master_status_binlog = 'foo'; master> SHOW MASTER STATUS; |
To display status for all binary logs, issue the following command:
master> SHOW ALL MASTER STATUS; |
To display detailed information about binary logs, issue the following command:
master> SHOW BINLOGS; |
Most of this information is not directly useful, though log size can help you decide whether to trim the log.
You can trim a binary log using either of the following methods:
Back up your database regularly using the mysqldump --master-data command, which records the binary log filename at the start of the dump. To keep the size of the binary log under control, use this value to trim older data after it is backed up. The extent to which you trim is a matter of policy: you can choose to retain a week's history, or you might prefer to minimize disk consumption as much as possible by trimming all but the current file. To minimize the amount of space being used by your binary log, trim according to the Slave that is farthest behind in replication.
To list the files that compose the binary log, issue the following:
master> SHOW BINLOG FILES;
+-----------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| File | Size | First Event Timestamp |
+-----------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| eukanuba.000001 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 19:51:08 |
| eukanuba.000002 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 20:02:09 |
| eukanuba.000003 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 22:22:27 |
| eukanuba.000004 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 22:30:37 |
| eukanuba.000005 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 22:38:11 |
| eukanuba.000006 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 22:45:44 |
| eukanuba.000007 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 22:53:03 |
| eukanuba.000008 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 23:00:44 |
| eukanuba.000009 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 23:07:46 |
| eukanuba.000010 | 104857600 | 2016-01-09 23:15:00 |
... |
To display current Slave locations, issue the SHOW SLAVE STATUS command, which displays status as follows:
master> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_Name: default
Slave_Status: Running
Master_Host: alpo
Master_Port: 3306
Master_User: root
Master_Log_File: alpo
Slave_Enabled: Enabled
Log_File_Seq: 3383
Log_File_Pos: 58790712
Last_Error: no error
Connection_Status: Connected
Relay_Log_Bytes_Read: 0
Relay_Log_Current_Size: 0
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
The filename argument is the filename returned by the SHOW MASTER STATUS command. The sequence number (Log_File_Seq) indicates the binary log file currently in use (it's the numeric portion of the file name). To delete old binary data without dropping the entire log, issue the following command (nnnnn represents the sequence number):
master> TRIM BINLOG 'binlog_name' BEFORE FILE 'binlog_name.nnnnn'; |
For example, if the clx001.000283 file is timestamped at 7:15 PM on September 28, 2016, the following sample would delete all log files before that time.
master> TRIM BINLOG 'clx001' BEFORE FILE 'clx001.000283'; |
You can find the binlog-trim script in /opt/clustrix/bin/binlog-trim of your system.
Usage
binlog-trim [options]
Options
Option | Description |
---|---|
-h, --help | Show this help message and exit |
-H HOST, --host=HOST | Specifies the host |
-P PORT, --port=PORT | SQL port, default is mysql port: 3306 |
-u USER, --user=USER | Username, default is root |
-p PASSWD, --passwd=PASSWD | Specifies the password |
-n NUM_FILES, --num-files=NUM_FILES | Number of files to trim a time |
-d, --dry | Do not perform any actual trims |
-k KEEP_DAYS, --days=KEEP_DAYS | Keep this many days of binlogs |
-i INTERVAL, --interval=INTERVAL | Seconds between trims |
-b BINLOG_NAME, --binlog_name=BINLOG_NAME | Name of binlog to trim; must specify if multiple binlogs exist |
-M MAX_RUN_TIME_MINS, --max-run-time-mins=MAX_RUN_TIME_MINS | Maximum time (minutes) script may run |
-V, --version | Indicates the version |
binlog-trim is generally deployed as a cron job on one of the nodes. An example entry to run once a day at 5:35UTC, with a retention policy of 7 days, trimming no more than 50 files at a time, with a minimum 60-second pause between trims, and operating on the binlog called clustrix-bin:
35 5 * * * root /bin/binlog-trim -H localhost -i 60 -k 7 -n 50 -b clustrix-bin 2>&1 >> /var/log/binlog-trim.log |
The INTERVAL is a minimum wait between trims; there is additional logic in the script to prevent the trims from building up too much cleanup work (the logs will indicate this with 'waiting for bigc to pass trim').
Because Xpand binary logs (binlogs) aren't stored as plain files, they cannot be backed up as MySQL binlogs can. For backup purposes, Xpand provides the repclient utility, which copies binlogs from a Xpand or MySQL system as if it were a replication slave. The repclient utility can be run on any Xpand node.
To copy all of the binlogs off a Xpand cluster, perform the following steps:
To retrieve all binlog files up to the most recent, issue the following command:
shell> node# repclient -addr 10.52.2.20 -dumpbinlog -logname clustrix-bin.000001 -end_logname clustrix-bin.001903
|
By default, the tool outputs decoded binlog messages to stdout. To specify an output file, specify the -dumpbinlog option. If you intend to archive the binlogs, omit -logpos, which can create gaps in the resulting binlog. By default, the utility stays connected to the master. To specify when it is to disconnect, include the -end_logname or -end_logpos option.
Valid options for the repclient command are as follows:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
-addr hostname | Database host (default: 127.0.0.1) |
-count n | Number of messages to dump |
-dumpbinlog | Dump binlog |
-end_logname path | Ending replication log name |
-end_logpos offset | Ending replication log position (default: EOF) |
-help | List command options |
-help-debug | List command options plus debugging output options |
-logname path | Starting replication log name |
-logpos offset | Starting replication log position (default: 4) |
-max-packet-size bytes | Maximum packet size (default: 16777216) |
-max-retries n | Maximum retries after an error (default: 3) |
-no-decode-rows | Don't decode row values |
-pass password | Database password (default: #undef) |
-perf | Dump performance statistics |
-perf-interval seconds | Dump performance statistics interval (default: 30) |
-port port | Database port (default: 3306) |
-retry-timeout seconds | Timeout in seconds for retries (default: 10) |
-set-variable NAME= VALUE | Set a variable to the given value |
-slave-id n | Slave ID (default: 1) |
-testconnect | Test database connection and display status |
-truncate | Truncate any existing files |
-user username | Database username (default: root) |
-verbose | Display debugging messages |
To prevent a session's statements from being inserted into any binary log, set sql_log_bin to false by issuing the following command:
master> SET sql_log_bin=false; |
This variable inherits the value of the identically-named global variable at the start of each session. To replicate from a Xpand instance, set sql_log_bin to true.
Be careful using sql_log_bin in production. Improper use can lead to data skew between the master and the slave(s).
To stop logging to the specified binary log and drop it from the system, issue the following command:
master> DROP BINLOG binlog_name; |
You cannot recover a binary log after dropping it.
The following global and session variables control binary log behavior:
Name | Description | Default Value | Session Variable |
---|---|---|---|
binlog_checksum | Always NONE. Xpand masters do not support generating event checksums. | NONE | |
binlog_format | Force all binlogs to log in this format, unless set to 'DEFAULT'. | DEFAULT | |
gtid_mode | Always OFF. Xpand masters do not support generating GTID events. | OFF | |
gtid_purged | Dummy variable for compatibility. (Xpand does not support replication with Global Transaction Identifiers.) | ||
master_status_binlog | Binlog used in SHOW MASTER STATUS when used without specifying a binlog. | ||
sql_log_bin | Log statements to binary logs. This variable can be set to FALSE on a per-session basis. | true | |
sync_binlog | Dummy variable for compatibility. | 0 |
Exercise extreme care when changing these settings. The defaults may not be ideal for your system, but they should be reasonable. The product will not warn you if you configure inadvisable settings.
The following pages describe areas that should be understood when using Xpand as a Replication Master